SS7/C7 in Depth
- Signaling Overview
- What is Signaling?
- Network Signaling Evolution
- In-Band Signaling
- Out-of-Band Signaling
- Switching
- Numbering Plans
- Digit Analysis
- Access T1/E1s
- Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) Digital Voice
- ISDN Overview
- ISDN Basic Rate Interface (BRI)
- ISDN Primary Rate Interface (PRI)
- Common Channel Signaling (CCS)
- Channel Associated Signaling (CAS)
- Network Signaling Evolution
- The North American Signaling Architecture
- Signaling System No 7
- Pertinent Standards Organizations
- SS7 Network Architecture
- Telephone Set
- Analog Telephone
- Digital Telephone
- Signaling
- In-Band
- Pulses or Audible Tones (DTMF) in Same Channel as Voice
- Ripe for Toll Fraud
- Digital Telephone – Signaling
- ISDN/Out-of-Band
- Private Branch Exchange (PBX)
- Voice Coding
- Pulse Code Modulation (PCM)
- Uses 64K / Single Channel
- a-Law Encoding (Europe)
- mu-Law Encoding (North America
- Adaptive Differential PCM (ADPCM)
- Voice Band Data (VBD)
- High Speed Modems
- FAX
- VBD Detect in DSP Chip
- Private Branch Exchange (PBX)
- Switching
- Numbering Plans
- Digit Analysis
- Fast Busy before Number Completed
- Analyzes Digits as they are Keyed
- Options
- Premise
- PSTN
- VPN
- Private Network (Satellite, T1, VoIP, etc.)
- History of Telecommunications Signaling
- Private Branch Exchange (PBX)
- Switching
- Call Handling
- Routing
- Remote or Local Busy
- Call Logging
- Cost Allocation
- Internal Billing
- Billing Verification
- 900/976 Toll Blocking
- CENTREX
- Connection to Telco
- Physical Connections
- Tie Lines
- Physical Connections
- Access T1/E1s
- T1 PBX Interface Voice Applications
- Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) Digital Voice
- 64K Digital Voice
- Mu-Law Encoded
- ISDN Primary Rate Interface (PRI)
- T1 Options for Voice/PBX
- Line Coding
- Framing
- Super Frame (SF)
- Extended Super Frame (ESF)
- Bipolar N-zero Substitution (B8ZS)
- Channelization
- Channelized (Typical for PBX) vs
- Non-Channelized (Typical for Router)
- Clocking
- E1 PBX Interfaces
- E1 PBX Interface Voice Applications
- Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) Digital Voice
- 64K Digital Voice
- a-Law encoded
- ISDN Primary Rate Interface (PRI): 30B+D
- E1 PBX Interfaces
- E1 PBX Interface Data Applications
- Voice Band Data (VBD)
- Modem
- FAX
- nx64K Data
- E1 PBX Interfaces
- E1 Options for Voice/PBX
- Signaling
- Common Channel Signaling (CCS)
- Channel Associated Signaling (CAS)
- Line Coding – High Density Bipolar 3 (HDB3)
- E1 PBX Interfaces
- Channelization
- Channelized (Typical for PBX) vs
- Non-Channelized (Typical for Router)
- Clocking
- Network
- PBX
- Loop-Timing
- BRI PBX Interfaces
- ISDN Basic Rate Interface Applications:
- Two Voice Lines for Home/Small Business/Branch Office
- Two Voice Lines + Data Line for Home/Small Business/Branch Office
- Dynamic Voice/Data for Home/Small Business/Branch Office
- BRI PBX Interfaces
- ISDN BRI Applications (continued) :
- Data Only/64K (1B+D) LAN Interconnect or Internet/Intranet/Extranet
- Data Only/128K (2B+D) LAN Interconnect or Internet/Intranet/Extranet
- Data Only/16K (D Channel Only) Point-Of-Sale (POS) or Teller Machine
- Switched Back-Up to T1/E1
- BRI PBX Interfaces
- Integrated Voice, Data and Video
- Out of Band Signaling
- Many Standard Hardware and Software Products
- Offered/Tariffed by Almost All Carriers and Postal, Telephone and Telegraph Authorities (PTTs)
- BRI PBX Interfaces
- National/Local/Manufacturer “Flavors” and Variations
- Analog/Analogue Interfaces:
- Usually Found in “Legacy” Installations
- Usually Preserved to Maintain Costs
- NOT Common in New Installations
- More Common at Small / Branch Locations
- Analog/Analogue Interfaces May be Kept to Maintain Unique Features Not Present in Digital Systems:
- Central Office/PBX Provided Dial Tone
- Feature Buttons/Status Indicators Based upon Analog/Analogue System
- Connection to Telco
- Punch-Downs, Demarks and CSU/DSUs
- Background
- Connection to Telco
- Inside the Central Office (CO)
- Subsidiary Distribution Frames (SDFs) and Main Distribution Frames (MDFs)
- Inside the Central Office (CO)
- Digital Cross-Connect Systems (DCS/DACS)
- Types
- M0/1
- M0/3
- M1/3
- Digital Cross-Connect Systems (DCS/DACS)
- Signaling
- In-Band
- SS7/Out-of-Band
- Switches
- Intra-Network/Inter-Network Connections
- Physical Connections
- Fiber Optic Terminating System (FOTS)
- Wave Division Multiplexing (WDM)/Photonic Layer
- SS7
- AIN
- Other Devices and Systems
- Channel Bank
- Split-T CSU/DSU
- Automatic Call Director (ACD)
- Time Division Multiplexer (TDM)
- Virtual Private Network (VPN)
- SS7 Architecture
- Service Switching Points (SSPs)
- Signal Transfer Points (STP)
- Service Control Points (SCPs)
- Intelligent Peripherals (IPs)
- Service Creation Environment (SCE)
- Section Summary
- SS7 Signal Data Links
- SS7 Signal Data Links
- Signaling Links
- A (Access) Links
- B (Bridge) Links
- C (Cross) Links
- D (Diagonal) Links
- E (Extended) Links
- F (Fully Associated) Links
- SS7 Applications
- Network Signaling Evolution
- What Goes Over the Signaling Link
- Basic Call Setup, Management, and Tear down
- Wireless Services
- Personal Communications Services (PCS)
- Wireless Roaming
- Mobile Subscriber Authentication
- Local Number Portability (LNP)
- Toll-free (800/888/866)
- Toll (900) Services
- Enhanced Call Features
- Call Forwarding
- Calling Party Name/Number Display
- Three-way/Multi-way Conferencing
- Addressing in the SS7 Network
- OSS Interconnection: E911/911, LIDB, OS/DA
- SS7 Levels / Layers
- Physical Layer
- Levels of the SS7 Protocol
- Network Service Part (NSP)
- Message Transfer Part Level 1 (MTP-1)
- Message Transfer Part Level 2 (MTP-2)
- Message Transfer Part Level 3 (MTP-3)
- Signaling Connection Control Part (SCCP)
- SCCP Routing Control (SCRC)
- SCCP Management (SCMG)
- User Parts
- Telephony User Part (TUP)
- ISDN User Part
- Intelligent Network Application Part (INAP)
- Network Service Part In-Depth
- Message Transfer Part Level 1 (MTP-1)
- Physical Level/Layer
- Physical Level Considerations
- Message Transfer Part Level 2 (MTP-2)
- Delimitation of Signal Units (L2 frames)
- Alignment of Signal Units
- Signaling Link Error Detection
- Signaling Link Error Correction by Retransmission
- Signaling Link Initial Alignment
- Error Monitoring and Reporting
- Link Flow Control
- MTP-2 Header Fields
- Fill-In Signaling Units (FISU)
- Link Status Signal Units
- LSSU Use of Timers
- Zero Bit Insertion and Deletion
- Signal Unit Alignment
- Error Detection
- Error Correction
- Basic Error Correction (BEC)
- Terrestrial Links
- Signaling Link Initial Alignment
- Signaling Unit Error Rate Monitoring (SUERM)
- Processor Outage
- Flow Control
- Message Transfer Part Level 3 (MTP-3)
- Signaling Connection Control Part (SCCP)
- SSCP Protocol Classes of Service
- SSCP Protocol Classes of Service
- Routing Label
- Message Type Code
- Message Type Code: Connection Request
- Message Type Code: Connection Confirmation
- Message Type Code: Connection Refused
- Message Type Code: Connection Released (RLSD)
- Message Type Code: Connection Release Complete (RLC)
- SCCP Routing Control (SCRC)
- Routing vs Switching?
- SCRC Addressing
- Point Code Routing
- Subsystem Number (SSN) Routing
- Global Title (GT) Routing
- Global Title (GT) Translation
- Global Title (GT) Translation on GSM Network
- Calling Party Address (CgPA) and Called Party Address (CdPA)
- CgPA and CdPA Common Fields
- Routing Parameters and Values Example
- SCCP Management (SCMG)
- Telephony User Part (TUP) In Depth
- TUP Header
- TUP Message Types
- Initial Address
- Initial Address With Additional Information
- Subsequent Address
- Subsequent Address With One Signal
- General Forward Setup Information
- Continuity Signal
- Continuity Failure Signal
- General Request
- Address Complete
- Charging
- Switching Equipment Congestion Signal
- Circuit Group Congestion Signal
- National Network Congestion Signal
- Address Incomplete signal
- Call Failure Signal
- Subscriber Busy Signal (electrical)
- Unallocated Number Signal
- Line Out Of Service Signal
- Send Special Information Tone Signal
- Access Barred Signal
- Digital Path Not Provided Signal
- Misdialed Trunk Prefix
- Extended Unsuccessful Backward Setup Information
- Answer Signal, Unqualified
- Answer Signal, Charge
- Answer Signal, No Charge
- Clear Back Signal
- Clear Forward Signal
- Reanswer Signal
- Forward Transfer Signal
- Calling Party Clear Signal
- Release Guard Signal
- Blocking Signal
- Blocking Acknowledgement Signal
- Unblocking Signal
- Unblocking Acknowledgement Signal
- Continuity Check Request Signal
- Reset Circuit Signal
- Maintenance Oriented Group Blocking
- Maintenance Oriented Group Blocking Acknowledgement
- Maintenance Oriented Group Unblocking
- Maintenance Oriented Group Unblocking Acknowledgement
- Hardware Failure Oriented Group Blocking
- Hardware Failure Oriented Group Blocking Acknowledgement
- Hardware Failure Oriented Group Unblocking
- Hardware Failure Oriented Group Unblocking Acknowledgement
- Circuit Group Reset
- Circuit Group Reset Acknowledgement
- Software Generated Group Blocking
- Software Generated Group Blocking Acknowledgement
- Software Generated Group Unblocking
- Software Generated Group Unblocking Acknowledgement
- Automatic Congestion Control Information
- Metering Pulse Message
- Operator Signal
- Subscriber Local – Busy Signal
- Subscriber Toll – Busy Signal
- Malicious Call Tracing Signal
- ISDN User Part In Depth
- ISUP Services
- Call Processing
- Supplementary Services
- Maintenance Functions
- Bearers and Signaling
- ISUP and the SS7 Protocol Stack
- ISUP Message Flow
- Message Timers
- Circuit Identification Codes
- Enbloc and Overlap Address Signaling
- Circuit Glare
- Continuity Test
- Circuit Suspend and Resume
- ISUP and Local Number Portability
- ISUP–ISUP Tandem Calls
- Interworking with ISDN
- Supplementary Services
- Additional Call Processing Messages
- Maintenance Messages and Procedures
- Signaling Mode Related to ISUP Trunks
- Call Timers for Basic Call Example
- Message Timers
- T7 Awaiting Address Complete Timer
- T8 Awaiting Continuity Timer
- T9 Awaiting Answer Timer
- T1 Release Complete Timer
- T5 Initial Release Complete Timer
- CIC Identifies Specific Circuit
- DPC:CIC Is Unique Circuit Identifier
- Enbloc Signaling
- Overlap Signaling
- Circuit Glare (Dual Seizure)
- Continuity Test (COT)
- ISUP Message Format
- Initial (IAM) Message Format
- Subsequent Address Message (SAM–ITU Networks Only)
- Continuity Message (COT)
- Address Complete Message (ACM)
- Answer Message (ANM)
- Release Message (REL)/Releace Complete (RELC)
- Simple ISUP Message Flow
- ISUP Suspend/Resume
- ISUP-ISUP Tandem Calls
- ISUP-ISDN Interworking
- Supplementary Services
- Calling Line Identification (CLI)
- Call Forwarding
- Maintenance Messages and Procedures
- Circuit Ranges
- Circuit States
- Circuit Validation
- Continuity
- Blocking and Unblocking Circuits
- Circuit Reset
- Transaction Capabilities Application Part In-Depth
- Components of a Standard Interface
- Message/Packet Types
- ANSI Packet Types
- ITU Packet Types
- Example ANSI/ITU Message Flows
- TCAP Transaction Identifiers
- ITU Transaction Sequence
- ANSI Transaction Sequence
- TCAP Message Structure
- Components of a Standard Interface
- Unidirectional Message Fields
- Begin Message Fields
- End Message Fields
- Continue Message Fields
- Abort Message Fields
- Operations and Management Application Part (OMAP) in Depth
- Identify
- Control
- Configure
- Manage
- Message Examples and Sequences
- Intelligent Network Application Part (INAP) In Depth
- IN Conceptual Planes
- Service Plane (SP):
- Global Functional Plane (GFP)
- Distributed Functional Plane (DFP)
- Physical Plane (PP)
- INAP Services
- Single Number Service
- Personal Access Service
- Disaster Recovery Service
- Do Not Disturb Service
- Call Forward Service
- Virtual Private Network Short Digit Extension Dialing Service
- SS7 in the Wireless Network
- GSM Phase 1
- GSM Phase 2
- GSM Phase 2+
- GSM Network Architecture
- GSM Interfaces and Protocols Pertinent to SS7
- Protocols Operating at Each Interface
- Protocols Required for Functional Entities
- MAP-n Protocols
- SSNs used by Mobile Application Part (MAP)
- Sample GSM <-> GSM Call Flows
- Sample GSM <-> Wireline Call Flows
- Equipment and Architecture
- Mobile Switching Center (MSC)
- Service Switching Points (SSP)
- SS7 Connectivity Software
- Signaling Transfer Points (STP)
- Service Control Points (SCP)/Adjunct Processors (AP)
- Intelligent Peripherals (IP)/Service Nodes (SN)
- Home Location Registers (HLR)/Visitor Location Registers (VLR)
- Short Message Service Centers (SMSC)
- Voice over IP (VoIP) Gateways
- Course Summary
