Spectrum Monitoring

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10 years ago

Introduction and Course Overview
Radio-Spectrum Fundamentals
- Current Trends in Spectrum Usage
- Administrative Division of the Frequency Spectrum
- Cognitive Radio
- Modern Modulation Techniques and Systems
- Spectrum Monitoring Future and Challenges: A Summary and Discussion
Modulations and Signal Types
- Signals
  - Signals Displayed in Time Domain
  - Relationship between Time and Frequency Domain
- Modulations in Communication and Broadcasting Systems
- Types of Analog Modulations and Signal Reception
  - Amplitude Modulation
  - Angle Modulations (FM/PM)
- Types of Digital Modulations and Signal Reception
  - Amplitude Shift Keying
  - Phase Shift Keying
  - Frequency Shift Keying
- Multiplex and Multiple Access
  - TDM/TDMA
  - FDM/FDMA
  - CDM/CDMA
  - OFDM
- Modulations and Signal Types: Session Review and Discussion
Interference Modeling
- Interference Modeling and Performance Evaluation
- Interference Avoidance and Coexistence Strategies
- Interference Performance Evaluation
  - Interference Model
  - Performance Metrics
    - PHY Layer Performance Metrics
    - Higher Layer Performance Metrics
- Factors Affecting Performance
  - Spectrum Spreading
  - Hop Rate
  - Transmission Power
  - Number of Systems
- Interference Modeling: Open Loop
  - Theoretical BER Estimation
  - Modeling BER in Wireless Channels
  - Example of Packet Error Model
- Interference Modeling: Closed Loop
  - Usage Definition
  - Application Model
  - Network Topology
  - Channel and Protocol Layer Modeling
  - Example of Interference Modeling
- Interference Modeling and Analysis: Session Review and Discussion
Spectrum Management, Monitoring and Measurements System
- System Overview
  - What is Spectrum Management
  - The Challenge, Objectives and Value of Spectrum Management
  - Spectrum Management System Planning
  - 1dB Compression Point and Maximum Input Level
  - Dynamic Range
  - Immunity to Interference
  - LO Feed-through
  - Filter Characteristics
  - Frequency Accuracy
  - Level Measurement Accuracy
    - Error Components
    - Calculation of Total Measurement Uncertainty
    - Error Due to Low Signal-to-Noise Ratio
  - Sweep Time and Update Rate
  - Attenuators and Associated Elements
- Strategic Steps in Building Spectrum Management and Monitoring System
  - What ITU Recommendations Should Be Followed
  - Types of Monitoring and Measurement Stations
    - Fixed Stations
    - Mobile Stations
    - Portable Stations
  - Why Do We Need Different Types of Spectrum Monitoring and Measurement Stations?
  - What Are the Benefits of and Differences between the Various Types of Stations?
- Fixed Monitoring and Measurement Stations
  - Usual Configuration
  - Available Measurements
  - Software Selection
  - How to Determine the Number of Fixed Stations?
  - Site Preparation and Civil Engineering Requirements
  - Telecommunication Requirements
    - Fixed Stations
    - Mobile Stations
    - Portable Stations
- Mobile Monitoring and Measurement Stations
  - Usual Configuration
  - Available Measurements
  - Strategic Use of Mobile Stations
  - Example of Mobile Station Measurement Equipment Set
- Portable/Transportable Stations
  - Why Transportable Stations Are Needed
  - Equipment Solutions
  - Common Usage Modes
- Software Solutions
  - What Modules Should Be Included in Monitoring and Measurement Solutions?
  - Post-Processing Solutions
- Benefits and Full Results Exploitation
  - Inter-Site Connection
  - Integration with Document Management System and Processes
  - Integration with Spectrum Planning and Management Software
  - Storage Solutions for Data Storage
  - Web Portal for Results Publications
- Monitoring and Measurements System: Session Review and Discussion
Spectrum Analysis and Spectrum Analyzer Elements
- Configuration and Control Elements of a Spectrum Analyzer
  - Fourier Analyzer (FFT Analyzer)
  - Analyzer Operating According to the Heterodyne Principle
  - Main Setting Parameters
- Practical Realization of an Analyzer Operating on the Heterodyne Principle
  - RF Input Section (Frontend)
  - IF Signal Processing
  - Determination of Video Voltage and Video Filters
  - Detectors
  - Trace Processing
  - Parameter Dependencies
  - Sweep Time, Span, Resolution and Video Bandwidths
  - Reference Level and RF Attenuation
  - Overdriving
- Performance Features of Spectrum Analyzer
  - Inherent Noise
  - Nonlinearities
  - Phase Noise (Spectral Purity)
  - 1dB Compression Point and Maximum Input Level
  - Dynamic Range
  - Immunity to Interference
  - LO Feed-through
  - Filter Characteristics
  - Frequency Accuracy
  - Level Measurement Accuracy
    - Error Components
    - Calculation of Total Measurement Uncertainty
    - Error Due to Low Signal-to-Noise Ratio
  - Sweep Time and Update Rate
  - Attenuators and Associated Elements
- Frequent Measurements and Enhanced Functionality
  - Phase Noise Measurements
    - Measurement Procedure
    - Selection of Resolution Bandwidth
    - Dynamic Range
  - Measurements of Pulsed Signals
    - Fundamentals
    - Line and Envelope Spectrum
    - Resolution Filters for Pulsed Measurements
    - Analyzer Parameters
    - Pulse Weighting in Spurious Signal Measurements
    - Detectors, Time Constants
    - Measurement Bandwidths
  - Channel and Adjacent-Channel Power Measurements
    - Key Parameters for Adjacent-Channel Power Measurement
    - Dynamic Range in Adjacent-Channel Power Measurement
    - Methods for Adjacent-Channel Power Measurement Using Spectrum Analyzer
    - Integrated Bandwidth Method
    - Spectral Power Weighting with Modulation Filter (IS-136, TETRA, WCDMA)
    - Channel Power Measurements in Time Domain
    - Spectral Measurements of TDMA Systems
- Fundamentals of Spectrum Analysis: Session Review and Discussion
Features of Measurement Receiver and Spectrum Analyzer
- R&S ESMB Reference and Measurement Receiver
  - Radio Receiver Applications for Monitoring System
  - Main Radio Receiver Parameters
  - Sensitivity Increase with the Help of Pre-Amplifiers
  - Pre-Amplifier Gain Selection
  - Features
    - Modular Design
    - Software Features
  - Measurements with Spectrum Master 2724B
    - Spectrum Analysis
    - Interference Analyzer
    - Channel Scanner
    - AM/FM/PM Analyzer
    - Measurements with Power Sensor
    - Usage of Specific Software Modules in Measurements
  - Measurement Examples
- Spectrum Analyzer and Measurement Receiver: Session Review and Discussion
Course Recap and Conclusion