SONET/SDH Technology & Design
- SONET Technology and Terminology
- SONET digital hierarchy
- Comparison with the Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH)
- SONET equipment types
- STS-1 frame format
- SONET Headers
- Section Overhead (SOH)
- Line Overhead (LOH)
- Path Overhead (POH)
- Floating payload: SONET pointers
- Synchronization and accommodating jitter
- Virtual Tributaries (Containers)
- VT groups
- Virtual tributaries pointers
- SONET VT multiframe
- SONET mapping of asynchronous DS-1, byte-synchronous DS-1, asynchronous DS-3, and asynchronous DS-4
- STS-N Frame Format
- STS-N frame structure
- Concatenated STS-Nc frame format
- STS-Nc frame structure.
- SDH versus SONET
- SONET vs SDH frame structure
- STM-1 frame
- Overhead bytes and their function
- SDH layers
- Mapping in SDH: C4 mapping and C-3 mapping examples
- Hierarchical multiplexing structure
- SONET/SDH Networking
- Network survivability architectures
- Protection topologies: Linear
- Protection topologies: Ring
- protection topologies: Mesh
- Topologies: Rings, # fibers, directionality
- SONET: Automatic Protection Switching (APS)
- SONET linear APS
- Add-Drop Multiplexing (ADM)
- Digital Cross-Connects (DCC)
- Current Architectures: Ring Protection
- Unidirectional Path Switched Ring (UPSR)
- Bidirectional Line Switched Ring (BLSR/2)
- Bi-directional Line Switched Ring (BLSR/4)
- Mesh restoration versus ring/linear protection
- IP over SONET
- IP+SONET vs. IP+ATM+SONET
- IP over Optical Networks (IPO)
- Packets over SONET (POS)
- Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) – RFC1661
- SONET/SDH Limitations
- Next Generation SONET/SDH
- Virtual Concatenation: VCAT
- SONET channelization and concatenation
- Virtual concatenation group
- Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme: LCAS
- LCAS architecture
- Generic Framing Procedure (GFP)
- GFP client signal adaptation
- GFP frame format
- Adding GFP on SONET
- Ethernet over SONET
- Virtual concatenation for Ethernet
- Optical Transport Network
- OTN hierarchical overview
- Basic transport structure of an OTN
- OTN transmitter and receiver
- OTN layer structure
- OTN interface classes
- Next Generation Network (NGN)
- Merging the voice and data worlds
- Vision of ITU-T NGN
- Structure of ITU NGN Focus Group (FGNGN)
